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Direct linkPiazza, Susan V.; Duncan, Lonnie E. – Reading & Writing Quarterly, 2012
Parental incarceration, poverty, urban violence, and drug use can be underlying factors of academic achievement gaps between Black urban males and their counterparts. These risk factors have the potential to position low-income urban students as struggling readers. Two qualitative case studies obtained from a larger mixed methods study illustrate…
Descriptors: Student Empowerment, Urban Schools, Reading Achievement, After School Programs
