This case study explores Costa Rica's National Executive Decree No. 31.900, requiring all public schools in the country participate in the National Program of Science and Technology Fairs (Programa Nacional de Ferias de Ciencia y Tecnología [PRONAFECYT]). The purpose of the decree is to promote innovation and to prepare students with the skills to compete in a knowledge-based economy. This case study examined the roles and leadership practices of two elementary school principals in Costa Rica in implementing the PRONAFECYT initiative. This article concludes the elementary school principals played an essential role in: (a) organizing and directing the PRONAFECYT implementation; (b) supporting and motivating teachers and students; and (c) soliciting feedback from teachers for successful implementation of the PRONAFECYT.