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Hoegaerts, Josephine – Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, 2017
At the heart of the nineteenth-century educational soundscape lies a paradox. Whilst "modern" classrooms generally strived for orderly silence, the goal of its educational practices was the production of competent "citizens". Middle-class boys in particular were expected to acquire a voice fit for business, the professions, or…
Descriptors: Educational History, Educational Practices, Speech, Educational Objectives