New Visions for Public Schools is the largest education reform organization dedicated to improving the quality of education children receive in New York City's public schools. For 16 years, New Visions has worked with the public and private sectors to develop programs and policies that energize teaching and learning and increase student achievement. In 2001, in partnership with the New York City Department of Education (DOE), the United Federation of Teachers, and the Council of Supervisors and Administrators, New Visions launched the New Century High Schools Initiative (NCHSI) to transform secondary education in New York City. This paper first provides an overview of the New Century schools, students, and emerging results. Next, the author places the initiative in the context of overall systemic secondary reform by: (1) Addressing high school reform from 2001 to the present; (2) Describing the original New Century High Schools Initiative's Theory of Action for secondary school reform; (3) Outlining the initiative's work with data and reviewing preliminary performance data; and (4) Summarizing the outcomes, strategies, and emerging conclusions from the following three areas of work, which are based on third-party evaluations and studies, as well as internal reports: (a) Creating a significant number of small high schools; (b) Supporting the New Century schools in implementing effective strategies through the Ten Principles of Effective Schools; (c) Developing ownership and sustainability of secondary level reform; and (d) Finally, this paper ends with a look ahead for the New Century High Schools Initiative. The author briefly discusses some of the overarching challenges to high school transformation and proposes ways to address those challenges at the practitioner and policy levels. (Contains 32 notes.)