The measurement of mental functioning is problematic, especially when Blacks are being assessed. Eurocentric paradigms and expectations are being used to assess Africentric psychology and behavior. Traditional psychometric instruments attempt to reaffirm a belief in the superiority of European culture. Scholars must search for universals in mental…

Standardized tests rely on communicative behavior. Incongruities between the language of the test giver and the test taker can result in bias. Data on communications should be consulted so that tests allow for linguistic and cultural differences. This is the only way the abilities of Blacks can be accurately assessed. (VM)

It is unlikely that reading tests written in standard English can measure the verbal ability of nonstandard speakers. Phonological, syntactic, and lexical biases disproportionately place certain groups at a disadvantage and reinforce undesirable attitudes concerning language varieties. This can be remedied only when the society rids itself of…

Theories explaining differences in IQ performances between races in terms of (a) genetics and (b) the role of the environment are both criticized. It is argued that the Cultural Distance Approach, which stresses the role of a subculture's distance from the major culture on which IQ questions are based, has the greatest explanatory power. (RDN)

The discretionary aspects of disciplinary practices coupled with the cultural differences between Black students and their teachers largely explain the racial disparity in disciplinary measures. Many of these differences, based on new frames of cultural and social reference established by Blacks during the 1960s, have not yet been adequately…

Discusses several models of a teacher education program for social studies teachers of culturally different children. Each model includes four components: knowledge, value development, seminars, and practicum. (GC)

Suggests that the teacher-student relationship is the most important aspect of successful school desegregation. Reviews literature which focuses on teacher attitudes toward Black students in desegregated schools. (Author/GC)