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Laudel, Grit – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2017
Early career researchers are faced with the expectation of their scientific communities to conduct independent research, which is reflected in the development of independent new research lines. This change must take place under conditions that vary between national career systems. Case studies for a chair system (Germany) and two tenure systems,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Career Development, Career Centers, Barriers