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Direct linkColleret, Maxime; Gingras, Yves – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2022
This study analyses the patenting activities of university science and engineering professors in Canada between 1920 and 1975. Unlike most studies on commercial activities in academia, which typically focus on the post-1980 period and on university practices, we focus on the pre-1980 period and on the individual decisions of professors to patent…
Descriptors: Intellectual Property, College Faculty, Foreign Countries, Science Education
Pettersson, Ingemar – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2018
The paper examines the introduction of the so-called professor's privilege in Sweden in the 1940s and shows how this legal principle for university patents emerged out of reforms of techno-science and the patent law around World War II. These political processes prompted questions concerning the nature and functions of university research: How is…
Descriptors: College Faculty, Foreign Countries, Intellectual Property, Science and Society
Krasnodebski, Marcin – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2018
The initiatives attempting to forge links between the academia and the industry flourished in France after World War I. The so-called "industrial institutes" shared a common goal: to reinvigorate the French economy through science. Because of their focus on applied research, they differed from traditional engineering schools that usually…
Descriptors: Industry, Scientific Research, War, Foreign Countries
Waaijer, Cathelijn J. F. – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2015
In modern academic career systems there are a large number of entry positions, much smaller numbers of intermediate positions, and still fewer full professorships. We examine how this system has developed in Germany, the country where the modern academic system was introduced, tracing the historical development of academic positions since the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Educational Practices, Academic Rank (Professional), Career Development
Tsvetkova, Natalia – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2014
This article discusses the history of American and Soviet transformations in German universities during the period of the Cold War, 1945-1990. Both American and Soviet policies were resisted by the university community, particularly by the conservative German professoriate, in both parts of the divided Germany. The article shows how and why both…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Educational History, Universities, World History
Kaataja, Sampsa – Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy, 2011
Regardless of the increased interest in technological innovation in universities, relatively little is known about the technology developed by academic scientists. Long-term analyses of researchers' technological contribution are notably missing. This paper examines university-based technology in Finland during the period 1900-85. The focus is on…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Scientists, Researchers, College Faculty
