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Do Hours Spent Viewing Television at Ages 3 and 4 Predict Vocabulary and Executive Functioning at Age 5?
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Blankson, A. Nayena; O'Brien, Marion; Leerkes, Esther M.; Calkins, Susan D.; Marcovitch, Stuart D. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2015
We examined the impact of television viewing at ages 3 and 4 on vocabulary and at age 5 on executive functioning in the context of home learning environment and parental scaffolding. Children (N = 263) were seen in the lab when they were 3 years old and then again at ages 4 and 5. Parents completed measures assessing child television viewing and…
Descriptors: Television Viewing, Vocabulary Development, Language Acquisition, Age Differences
Shyness and Vocabulary: The Roles of Executive Functioning and Home Environmental Stimulation
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Blankson, A. Nayena; O'Brien, Marion; Leerkes, Esther M.; Marcovitch, Stuart; Calkins, Susan D. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2011
Although shyness has often been found to be negatively related to vocabulary, few studies have examined the processes that produce or modify this relation. The present study examined executive functioning skills and home environmental stimulation as potential mediating and moderating mechanisms. A sample of 3 1/2-year-old children (N = 254) was…
Descriptors: Shyness, Stimulation, Learning Disabilities, Questionnaires