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Broadbent, Nicola J.; Squire, Larry R.; Clark, Robert E. – Learning & Memory, 2007
We explored the circumstances in which rats engage either declarative memory (and the hippocampus) or habit memory (and the dorsal striatum). Rats with damage to the hippocampus or dorsal striatum were given three different two-choice discrimination tasks (odor, object, and pattern). These tasks differed in the number of trials required for…
Descriptors: Memory, Discrimination Learning, Animals, Retention (Psychology)
Campolattaro, Matthew M.; Halverson, Hunter E.; Freeman, John H. – Learning & Memory, 2007
The neural pathways that convey conditioned stimulus (CS) information to the cerebellum during eyeblink conditioning have not been fully delineated. It is well established that pontine mossy fiber inputs to the cerebellum convey CS-related stimulation for different sensory modalities (e.g., auditory, visual, tactile). Less is known about the…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Stimulation, Eye Movements, Auditory Stimuli
Korz, Volker; Frey, Julietta U. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Recently it was shown that holeboard training can reinforce, i.e., transform early-LTP into late-LTP in the dentate gyrus during the initial formation of a long-term spatial reference memory in rats. The consolidation of LTP as well as of the reference memory was dependent on protein synthesis. We have now investigated the transmitter systems…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Memory, Biochemistry, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Song, Sunbin; Howard, James H., Jr.; Howard, Darlene V. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Studies into interactions between explicit and implicit motor sequence learning have yielded mixed results. Some of these discrepancies have been attributed to difficulties in isolating implicit learning. In the present study, the effect of explicit knowledge on implicit learning was investigated using a modified version of the Alternating Serial…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Perceptual Motor Learning, Nonverbal Learning, Sequential Learning
Albrecht, Doris – Learning & Memory, 2007
It is known from studies outside the brain that upon binding to its receptor, angiotensin-(1-7) elicits the release of prostanoids and nitric oxide (NO). Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Since there are no data available so far on the role of COX-2 in the amygdala, in a first step we…
Descriptors: Stimulation, Brain, Animals, Memory
Yun, Sung H.; Lee, Deok S.; Lee, Hyunjung; Baeg, Eun H.; Kim, Yun B.; Jung, Min W. – Learning & Memory, 2007
To obtain evidence linking long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory, we examined whether LTP induction modifies functional relationship among neurons in the rat hippocampus. In contrast to neurons in low-frequency stimulated or AP5-treated slices, LTP induction altered "functional connectivity," as defined by the degree of synchronous firing, among…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Mnemonics, Perceptual Motor Coordination, Stimulation
Ris, Laurence; Godaux, Emile – Learning & Memory, 2007
Memory shows age-related decline. According to the current prevailing theoretical model, encoding of memories relies on modifications in the strength of the synapses connecting the different cells within a neuronal network. The selective increases in synaptic weight are thought to be biologically implemented by long-term potentiation (LTP). Here,…
Descriptors: Memory, Brain, Aging (Individuals), Animals
Biedenkapp, Joseph C.; Rudy, Jerry W. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Contextual fear conditioning was maintained over a 15-day retention interval suggesting no forgetting of the conditioning experience. However, a more subtle generalization test revealed that, as the retention interval increased, rats showed enhanced generalized fear to an altered context. Preexposure to the training context prior to conditioning,…
Descriptors: Intervals, Conditioning, Fear, Generalization
Monaco, Joseph D.; Abbott, L. F.; Kahana, Michael J. – Learning & Memory, 2007
The word-frequency effect (WFE) in recognition memory refers to the finding that more rare words are better recognized than more common words. We demonstrate that a familiarity-discrimination model operating on data from a semantic word-association space yields a robust WFE in data on both hit rates and false-alarm rates. Our modeling results…
Descriptors: Semantics, Recognition (Psychology), Word Frequency, Associative Learning
Brightwell, Jennifer J.; Smith, Clayton A.; Neve, Rachael L.; Colombo, Paul J. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Extensive research has shown that the hippocampus is necessary for consolidation of long-term spatial memory in rodents. We reported previously that rats using a place strategy to solve a cross maze task showed sustained phosphorylation of hippocampus cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor implicated in…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Learning Processes, Spatial Ability
Brown, Travis E.; Forquer, Melissa R.; Cocking, Davelle L.; Jansen, Heiko T.; Harding, Joseph W.; Sorg, Barbara A. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Persistent drug seeking/taking behavior involves the consolidation of memory. With each drug use, the memory may be reactivated and reconsolidated to maintain the original memory. During reactivation, the memory may become labile and susceptible to disruption; thus, molecules involved in plasticity should influence acquisition and/or…
Descriptors: Memory, Cocaine, Molecular Structure, Biochemistry
Duncko, Roman; Cornwell, Brian; Cui, Lihong; Merikangas, Kathleen R.; Grillon, Christian – Learning & Memory, 2007
The present study investigated the effects of acute stress exposure on learning performance in humans using analogs of two paradigms frequently used in animals. Healthy male participants were exposed to the cold pressor test (CPT) procedure, i.e., insertion of the dominant hand into ice water for 60 sec. Following the CPT or the control procedure,…
Descriptors: Metabolism, Conditioning, Control Groups, Stress Variables
Calu, Donna J.; Stalnaker, Thomas A.; Franz, Theresa M.; Singh, Teghpal; Shaham, Yavin; Schoenbaum, Geoffrey – Learning & Memory, 2007
Drug addicts make poor decisions. These decision-making deficits have been modeled in addicts and laboratory animals using reversal-learning tasks. However, persistent reversal-learning impairments have been shown in rats and monkeys only after noncontingent cocaine injections. Current thinking holds that to represent the human condition…
Descriptors: Cocaine, Animals, Drug Rehabilitation, Drug Addiction
Kaun, Karla R.; Hendel, Thomas; Gerber, Bertram; Sokolowski, Marla B. – Learning & Memory, 2007
Animals must be able to find and evaluate food to ensure survival. The ability to associate a cue with the presence of food is advantageous because it allows an animal to quickly identify a situation associated with a good, bad, or even harmful food. Identifying genes underlying these natural learned responses is essential to understanding this…
Descriptors: Entomology, Genetics, Association (Psychology), Conditioning
Backhaus, Jutta; Born, Jan; Hoeckesfeld, Ralf; Fokuhl, Sylvia; Hohagen, Fritz; Junghanns, Klaus – Learning & Memory, 2007
Sleep architecture as well as memory function are strongly age dependent. Slow wave sleep (SWS), in particular, decreases dramatically with increasing age, starting already beyond the age of 30. SWS normally predominates during early nocturnal sleep and is implicated in declarative memory consolidation. However, the consequences of changes in…
Descriptors: Memory, Correlation, Adults, Sleep