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Garrido, Maria Rosa – Language Policy, 2022
This article traces the evolution of the ideological construction of elite multilingualism, with a focus on the values accorded to French and English, under transforming socioeconomic and institutional conditions at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The ICRC, a major humanitarian agency based in Geneva, opens a window onto the…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, English, French, Ideology
Chang-Bacon, Chris K. – Language Policy, 2022
Recent research highlights teachers' key role as language policy interpreters, yet few studies have explored whether and how teachers learn about policy interpretation. This article explores how language policy interpretation is addressed within a statewide teacher education initiative in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. Since 2012, the state has…
Descriptors: English Only Movement, Teacher Role, Teacher Education Programs, State Programs
Fluegel, Sabrina; King, Kendall – Language Policy, 2022
This paper analyzes how multi-level marketing companies (MLMs), via direct selling through electronic commerce (e-commerce) and social media, enact and evade federal language policy to maximize profits. Here we describe the federal language policies that govern this type of e-commerce, and in particular, the language policies of the Federal Trade…
Descriptors: Language Usage, Public Policy, Business, COVID-19
Mustafawi, Eiman; Shaaban, Kassim; Khwaileh, Tariq; Ata, Katsiaryna – Language Policy, 2022
This study investigates the linguistic attitudes and perceptions of Qatar University students regarding the utility and vitality of the two languages that define the education and communication scenes in Qatar, namely, Arabic and English. It also reports on the predictors of these attitudes in terms of demographic traits. 861 students completed a…
Descriptors: Student Attitudes, College Students, Foreign Countries, Semitic Languages
Coady, Maria R.; Ankeny, Brian; Ankeny, Raisa – Language Policy, 2022
"Castañeda v. Pickard" (648 F.2d 989, [5th Cir. 1981]) was a significant legal case in the history of educational policy for non-native English-speaking students in the United States. The case established a three prong 'test' for programs for those students, including the right for students to have an educational program based on sound…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Educational Legislation, English (Second Language), Public Schools
Mavrogordato, Madeline; Callahan, Rebecca; Bartlett, Caroline – Language Policy, 2022
With the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals' decision in "Castañeda v. Pickard," for the first time, educators and advocates saw the potential to ensure educational equity for EL students. In spirit, "Castañeda" offered federal oversight in the provision of educational services for EL-identified students. "Castañeda's"…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), English Language Learners, Educational Legislation, Equal Education
Poza, Luis E.; García, Ofelia; Jiménez-Castellanos, Óscar – Language Policy, 2022
In the U.S., programming for students classified as English Learners must adhere to the framework outlined in "Castañeda v. Pickard" (1981), which demands a basis in "legitimate educational theory," implementation with "adequate techniques," and regular evaluation (p. 1010), while remaining explicitly agnostic about…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Court Litigation, English Language Learners, English (Second Language)
Escamilla, Kathy; Shannon, Sheila; García, Jorge – Language Policy, 2022
The "Castañeda" Standard was handed down in 1981. We use this Standard along with Latino Critical Race Theory (Solorzano & Yosso, 2001) and Ruiz's Language Orientations (1984) to conduct a historical analysis of bilingual education in Colorado from 1976 to 2019 to examine the availability of bilingual/dual language education for…
Descriptors: Criticism, Bilingual Education, Educational Policy, Critical Race Theory
Beyond Castañeda and the "Language Barrier" Ideology: Young Children and Their Right to Bilingualism
Castro, Dina C.; Meek, Shantel – Language Policy, 2022
Forty years ago, the Castañeda v. Pickard landmark case marked an important milestone in the fight for equitable education for English learners in law, and for the first time linked theory, resources, and outcomes. Notwithstanding the important progress it marked in advocating for greater resources for English learners and accountability for…
Descriptors: Young Children, Childrens Rights, Bilingualism, English Language Learners
Hernández, Sera J.; Alfaro, Cristina; Martell, Melissa A. Navarro – Language Policy, 2022
Drawing on decades of lessons from a Bilingual Teacher Education Program (BTEP) in California that has persevered both restrictive and additive federal and state educational language policies, this manuscript provides an ethnographic snapshot of how this BTEP has strategically navigated through and around anti-immigrant ideologies and policies to…
Descriptors: Bilingual Teachers, Teacher Educators, Educational Policy, Change Agents
Or, Iair G. – Language Policy, 2022
This paper contemplates the concept of "typographical advocacy," defined here as a variety of activities, strategies, and policies designed to increase or enhance language support in computing systems, facilitating typing and displaying texts in local languages. Focusing on the cases of Spanish and Paraguayan Guarani, the paper traces…
Descriptors: Advocacy, American Indian Languages, Language Planning, Spanish
Spolsky, Bernard – Language Policy, 2022
In a theory of language policy, managers are individuals or institutions with authority to require others to change their language practices or beliefs. Advocates are individuals or institutions who want the same result, but lacking any power to enforce, can only try to persuade. Language academies can be managers or advocates. Standardization is…
Descriptors: Advocacy, Language Planning, Public Policy, Language Attitudes
Flubacher, Mi-Cha; Busch, Brigitta – Language Policy, 2022
In this contribution, we aim to address the following questions: What does it mean to do language advocacy in 2022? Under which conditions does it operate? What are the fights, aims, and challenges? On the one hand, answering these questions heavily depends on the political, social, cultural and linguistic context, as well as on the interests,…
Descriptors: Advocacy, Language Planning, Barriers, Language Minorities
Tannenbaum, Michal; Shohamy, Elana; Inbar-Lourie, Ofra – Language Policy, 2022
Advocacy strategies are characterized by collaborations amongst various stakeholders working together to create changes and reforms. In language education policy, this refers to various types of initiatives and activities intended to create language policy reforms on local and/or national levels. In this paper such activities are traced, analyzed…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Multilingualism, Educational Policy, Language Planning
Deygers, Bart; Vanbuel, Marieke – Language Policy, 2022
Few studies have yet described concrete efforts by researchers in applied linguistics to systematically impact language policy. In linguistics, there is a general lack of published work on interactions between research and policy, and authors have decried a general dearth of policy literacy among applied linguists. The goal of the current paper is…
Descriptors: Applied Linguistics, Language Planning, Correlation, College Admission