In this special issue on high-stakes English language testing in China, the two articles on computer-based testing (Jin & Yan; He & Min) highlight a number of consistent, ongoing challenges and concerns in the development and implementation of the nationwide IB-CET (Internet Based College English Test) and institutional computer-adaptive English tests, respectively: conceptualizing the construct of computer-based language testing, ensuring fairness for test takers with differing levels of computer literacy, and achieving comparability between tests or tasks of different delivery modes. In this article, we provide an overview of the research studies on computer-based English language testing conducted by Chinese scholars and published in major Chinese academic journals in recent decades, aiming to identify the research topics, gaps, and agendas that could have implications beyond Chinese contexts in promoting better use of computer technologies "in" and "for" English language testing.