In this conceptual paper, we propose a new three-pronged theoretical framework derived from Chinese philosophy: (1) "Tian Shi" (timing); (2) "Di Li" (context); and (3) "Ren He" (human capital). Specifically, we delineate the nature of "Tian Shi, Di Li, Ren He" required for the successful translation of…

In addition to enabling children to acquire literacy and broaden their knowledge base, reading is an important medium through which young children learn about gender and develop their understanding of gendered social order and gender roles. The present study aims to examine how male and female characters are represented in the readers for the…

Infants and toddlers (birth to age 3) learn what it means to be members of, and to belong to and be accepted by, their societies by adopting behaviors, attitudes, manners, and ways of thinking that are deeply rooted in what is valued in their culture. Infant and toddler teachers play a pivotal role as transmitters and maintainers of culture when…

This multiple case study investigates the involvement of foreign domestic helpers (FDHs) in Hong Kong early childcare. Three middle-class families were chosen; one parent, one FDH, one teacher, and one preschool child within each family were interviewed. A grounded theory analysis approach was adopted to examine the interviews. Analyses revealed…

The divergent roles of social media in adolescents' academic performance have not been confirmed, as previous studies failed to address social media use in different contexts. This study thus aims to explore the relationship between outside and inside social media behavior and academic performance in Chinese adolescents. Altogether, 560 Hong Kong…

This study investigates mothers' expectations of and experiences with parental involvement during the transition to primary school. The participants were 20 mothers of children attending 10 kindergartens in Hong Kong. Individual interviews were conducted 3 months before and 3 months after their children entered their primary schools. As they had…

This study investigates teachers' beliefs about early visual arts education and implementation in kindergartens through an exploratory study involving 33 teachers in one whole- and one half-day kindergarten. Six classrooms were observed with their teachers participating in subsequent semistructured interviews. Although surveyed teachers reported…

The Project Approach has been promoted in Hong Kong kindergartens since the 1990s. However, the dynamic processes and underlying mechanisms involved in the teachers' implementation of this pedagogical method there have not yet been fully investigated. This case study of one typical kindergarten in Hong Kong documented how and why eight teachers…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Penn Interactive Peer Play (PIPPS-HK) and the Preschool Play Behavior Scale (PPBS-HK) to establish concurrent validity of both scales. A total of 1,622 children age 3 to 6 and 152 teachers in 10 kindergartens (about 160 students and 15 teachers randomly selected from each…

This study investigated Hong Kong and German children's perceptions of play and learning and their relationships. Forty-eight children (24 German and 24 Chinese) playing and learning in the classroom were observed and videotaped for five consecutive days. They were interviewed 3 times about their kindergarten experiences by using free- and…

Analyzed drawing and writing of 60 Chinese boys and girls of 2 to 6 years. Children drew self-portraits and wrote their own name. There was an age effect in both tasks. Children as young as three years could differentiate drawing from writing. (MM)