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Rosendal, Tove; Mapunda, Gastor – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2014
Tanzania's post-independence language policy has promoted Swahili as a means of achieving national and linguistic unity. This policy has affected the Ngoni language in south-western Tanzania. Today, Swahili has permeated communication all over Tanzania, even in rural and remote areas. This paper discusses lexical borrowing and especially borrowing…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, African Languages, Language Skill Attrition, Language Maintenance
Rosendal, Tove – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2009
Rwanda has experienced major changes during the last decade due to the genocide in 1994. After the civil war, in addition to establishing political and economical stability, peace and reconciliation, the government was faced with the return of refugees from neighbouring, mostly English-speaking, countries. The new socio-demographic conditions…
Descriptors: Language Planning, Language Usage, Official Languages, War