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Jo, Injeong; Bednarz, Sarah Witham – Journal of Geography, 2009
This article examines whether questions embedded in geography textbooks address three components of spatial thinking: concepts of space, tools of representation, and processes of reasoning. A three-dimensional taxonomy of spatial thinking was developed and used to evaluate questions in four high school level geography textbooks. The results…
Descriptors: Textbooks, Cognitive Processes, Geography Instruction, Spatial Ability
Bednarz, Sarah Witham – Journal of Geography, 2002
Action research is defined as systematic classroom-based inquiry to solve teacher-perceived problems. It has been a component of education, particularly professional staff development, for the past century under several names although geography educators in the United States have rarely used it for this, or any other, purpose. This paper reviews…
Descriptors: Geography Instruction, Action Research, Educational Change, Staff Development