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Error of Measurement | 7 |
Test Reliability | 5 |
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Journal of Experimental… | 8 |
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Williams, Richard H. | 8 |
Zimmerman, Donald W. | 4 |
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Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1974
An equation comparable to Spearman's correction for attenuation, which does not depend upon the assumption that error scores are uncorrelated with true scores and with other sets of scores, is derived. (Editor)
Descriptors: Correlation, Error of Measurement, Statistical Analysis, True Scores
Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Education, 1987
Because of limitations in simple gain scores, pychometrists have proposed alternate methods for measuring change, two of which are residualized difference and base-free change. This paper provides large sample empirical estimates of the reliability these change measures. It checks theoretical predictions derived from inequalities involving all…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Estimation (Mathematics), Measurement Techniques, Pretests Posttests
Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1984
This paper provides a list of 10 salient features of the standard error of measurement, contrasting it to the reliability coefficient. It is concluded that the standard error of measurement should be regarded as a primary characteristic of a mental test. (Author/DWH)
Descriptors: Educational Testing, Error of Measurement, Evaluation Methods, Psychological Testing
Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Education, 1984
This paper describes the procedures and results of two studies designed to yield empirical comparisons of the error magnitude in three change measures: the simple gain score, the residualized difference score, and the base free measure (Tucker et al). Residualized scores possessed smaller standard errors of measurement. (Author/BS)
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Achievement Tests, Algebra, Error of Measurement
Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1982
The reliability of simple difference scores is greater than, less than, or equal to that of residualized difference scores, depending on whether the correlation between pretest and posttest scores is greater than, less than, or equal to the ratio of the standard deviations of pretest and posttest scores. (Author)
Descriptors: Achievement Gains, Comparative Analysis, Correlation, Pretests Posttests
Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1982
A mathematical link between test reliability and test validity is derived, taking into account the correlation between error scores on a test and error scores on a criterion measure. When this correlation is positive, the "paradoxical" nonmonotonic relation between test reliability and test validity occurs universally. (Author/BW)
Descriptors: Correlation, Error of Measurement, Mathematical Models, Test Reliability
Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W. – Journal of Experimental Education, 1980
It is suggested that error of measurement cannot be routinely incorporated into the "error term" in statistical tests, and that the reliability of test scores does not have the simple relationship to statistical inference that one might expect. (Author/GK)
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Hypothesis Testing, Mathematical Formulas, Test Reliability
Peer reviewed
Williams, Richard H.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Education, 1995
The paradox that a Student t-test based on pretest-posttest differences can attain its greatest power when the difference score reliability is zero was explained by demonstrating that power is not a mathematical function of reliability unless either true score variance or error score variance is constant. (SLD)
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Power (Statistics), Pretests Posttests, Reliability