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Critical Thinking: Intellectual Standards Essential to Reasoning Well within Every Domain of Thought
Elder, Linda; Paul, Richard – Journal of Developmental Education, 2013
Students live in a world of thoughts. They accept some thoughts as true. They reject others as false. But the thoughts they perceive as true are sometimes false, unsound, or misleading. And the thoughts they perceive as false and trivial are sometimes true and significant. People don't automatically sense what is reasonable and what is…
Descriptors: Critical Thinking, Thinking Skills, Standards, Cognitive Processes
Elder, Linda; Paul, Richard – Journal of Developmental Education, 2013
In the last two columns in this critical thinking series we briefly introduced and discussed the concept of intellectual standards in connection with natural languages. We presented nine essential intellectual standards: clarity, precision, accuracy, relevance, depth, breadth, logicalness, significance, and fairness. These nine intellectual…
Descriptors: Critical Thinking, Standards, Languages, Language Usage
Peer reviewed
Elder, Linda; Paul, Richard – Journal of Developmental Education, 2001
Urges education to help students learn through conceptual thinking. States that the first step must be to teach the subtleties of words--without a command of the language, important discriminations can be confused. Asserts that if students are to think well conceptually, surface language must dissolve, and alternative ways to communicate must be…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Language Proficiency, Language Usage, Learning Strategies