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Peer reviewed
Dattilo, John; Camarata, Stephen – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1991
Two adult males with severe motor and speech deficits resulting from cerebral palsy were trained to use an augmentative communication system (Touch Talker) independently. Results demonstrated that training on operation of the device was insufficient to ensure improvement in conversation performance and that it was important to incorporate direct…
Descriptors: Adults, Cerebral Palsy, Communication Aids (for Disabled), Communication Skills
Peer reviewed
Duker, Pieter C.; van Lent, Chretienne – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1991
Consequences were withheld for high-rate gesture requests of 6 mentally handicapped individuals (ages 12-40), to increase the proportion of gestures used spontaneously. Results suggest that the teacher's nonresponding to high-rate spontaneous gesture requests increased individuals' use of previously taught but unused gesture requests. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Adults, Body Language, Classroom Communication, Communication Skills
Peer reviewed
Dunlap, Glen; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1991
An adolescent female with multiple handicaps and severely disruptive behavior participated in a functional assessment linked directly to specific revisions in her school curriculum. The assessment and intervention produced substantial and durable reductions in the student's longstanding and severe behavior problems. (Author/JDD)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Behavior Change, Behavior Disorders, Curriculum Development
Peer reviewed
Fisher, Wayne W.; Lindauer, Steven E.; Alterson, Cindy J.; Thompson, Rachel H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
Three experiments were conducted with two participants with mental retardation that displayed property destruction and stereotypy. The experiments assessed the function of the responses, determined their relationship, and developed a treatment to reduce property destruction. Response blocking reduced property destruction (and attempts), prevented…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Autism, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification
Peer reviewed
Vollmer, Timothy R.; Progar, Patrick R.; Lalli, Joseph S.; Van Camp, Carole M.; Sierp, Barbara J.; Wright, Carrie S.; Natasi, Julia; Eisenschink, Kevin J. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A study compared the effects of extinction (EXT) and fixed-time (FT) schedules as treatment for the severe problem behaviors of three individuals with developmental disabilities. During EXT, the reinforcer maintaining problem behavior was withheld. During FT, the reinforcers were presented response independently at preset intervals. FT schedules…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems
Peer reviewed
Fisher, Wayne W.; Thompson, Rachel H.; Kuhn, David E. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
Two children with mental retardation were trained to emit different communication responses to request the reinforcer for destructive behavior and an alternative reinforcer. Differential reinforcement of communication reduced destructive behavior regardless of whether a functional reinforcer or an alternative reinforcer was available or whether…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Children, Communication Skills
Peer reviewed
Schepis, Maureen M.; Reid, Dennis H.; Behrmann, Michael M.; Sutton, Kelly A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A study evaluated the effects of a voice output communication aid (VOCA) and naturalistic teaching procedures on the communicative interactions of four children (ages 3-5) with autism. Children showed increases in communicative interactions using VOCAs. There was no apparent reductive effect of VOCA use on other communicative behaviors. (Author/CR)
Descriptors: Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Autism, Communication Aids (for Disabled), Communication Skills
Peer reviewed
DuPaul, George J.; Ervin, Ruth A.; Hook, Christine L.; McGoey, Kara E. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A study investigated effects of classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) on classroom behavior and academic performance of 18 students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). CWPT led to improvements in performance in math or spelling for 50% of students with ADHD, along with reductions in off-task behavior for most participants. (Author/CR)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Attention Deficit Disorders, Behavior Change, Classroom Environment
Peer reviewed
Kahng, SungWoo; Iwata, Brian A.; Fischer, Sonya M.; Page, Terry J.; Treadwell, Kimberli R. H.; Williams, Don E.; Smith, Richard G. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A large-scale analysis was conducted of problem behavior by observing 20 individuals living in residential facilities. Data were converted into scatter plot formats. When the data were transformed into aggregate "control charts," 12 of 15 sets of data revealed 30-minute intervals during which problem behavior was more likely to occur.…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems, Data Analysis
Peer reviewed
Roane, Henry S.; Vollmer, Timothy R.; Ringdahl, Joel E.; Marcus, Bethany A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A study evaluated the utility of a five-minute stimulus preference assessment for 20 individuals with developmental disabilities. The brief assessment identified stimuli that functioned as reinforcers for a simple operant response and identified preferred stimuli that were differentially effective as reinforcers. This assessment was associated…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Problems, Children, Decision Making
Peer reviewed
Shore, Bridget A.; Babbitt, Roberta L.; Williams, Keith E.; Coe, David A.; Snyder, Angela – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A study investigated the efficacy of texture fading in the treatment of food selectivity displayed by four children (ages 2-5). Successful treatment involved the gradual addition of higher textures based on results of periodic probes. Food acceptance and swallowing were reinforced, while food refusal and expulsion were placed on extinction.…
Descriptors: Behavior Change, Behavior Modification, Eating Habits, Outcomes of Treatment
Peer reviewed
Roscoe, Eileen M.; Iwata, Brian A.; Goh, Han-Leong – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A study compared the effects of two treatments, noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) and sensory extinction, on the self-injurious behavior (SIB) exhibited by three adults with developmental disabilities. Results indicated that both procedures were effective in reducing SIB, although NCR was associated with either more rapid or greater overall…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification, Extinction (Psychology)
Peer reviewed
Vollmer, Timothy R.; Vorndran, Christina M. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A functional analysis was conducted which showed that self-injurious behavior (SIB) of an adult with mental retardation occurred at differentially high rates when restraint materials access was contingent on behavior. An alone condition during the functional analysis showed SIB did not occur in the absence of restraint materials. Functional…
Descriptors: Adults, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification, Evaluation Methods
Peer reviewed
Taylor, Bridget A.; Levin, Len – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A study examined effects of a tactile prompting device (the Gentle Reminder) as a prompt for a 9-year-old student with autism to make verbal initiations about play activities. Results indicate that the device serves as an effective, unobtrusive prompt for verbal initiations during play contexts and during cooperative learning activities.…
Descriptors: Autism, Communication Skills, Cooperative Learning, Elementary Education
Peer reviewed
Noell, George H.; Gansle, Kristin A.; Witt, Joseph C.; Whitmarsh, Ernest L.; Freeland, Jennifer T.; LaFleur, Lynn H.; Gilbertson, Donna N.; Northrup, John – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1998
A study examined the effects of reinforcement contingencies designed to increase the performance of existing reading skills in three boys (age 9) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results showed that a combination of contingencies, modeling, and practice was effective in producing substantial increases in oral reading fluency for all…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Elementary Education, Instructional Effectiveness, Modeling (Psychology)