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Kuntz, Emily M.; Santos, Abby V.; Kennedy, Craig H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2020
Although perseverative speech is a common characteristic of individuals with high-functioning neurodevelopmental disabilities, little is known about the operant functions of these verbalizations. We conducted analogue functional analyses of perseverative speech for 2 students using reinforcement contingencies that included alone, attention,…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Speech Communication, Speech Impairments
Roantree, Christina F.; Kennedy, Craig H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
We analyzed the inappropriate social interactions of 3 students with Asperger's syndrome whose behavior was maintained by social positive reinforcement. We tested whether inappropriate social behavior was sensitive to social positive reinforcement contingencies and whether such contingencies could be reversed to increase the probability of…
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Asperger Syndrome, Probability, Positive Reinforcement
McGinnis, Molly A.; Houchins-Juarez, Nealetta; McDaniel, Jill L.; Kennedy, Craig H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
Three participants whose problem behavior was maintained by contingent attention were exposed to 45-min presessions in which attention was withheld, provided on a fixed-time (FT) 15-s schedule, or provided on an FT 120-s schedule. Following each presession, participants were then tested in a 15-min session similar to the social attention condition…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Positive Reinforcement, Behavior Problems, Attention
Roantree, Christina F.; Kennedy, Craig H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2006
Previous studies have shown that presession attention for problem behavior can serve as an abolishing operation when attention functions as a positive reinforcer. In the current study, we show that the stereotypy of a child with severe disabilities was undifferentiated during standard analogue functional analysis conditions. However, when…
Descriptors: Positive Reinforcement, Behavior Problems, Attention Deficit Disorders, Research Methodology
Valdovinos, Maria G.; Roberts, Celeste; Kennedy, Craig H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2005
We conducted an analogue functional analysis contrasting motor tasks with varying types of social consequences for movements associated with tardive dyskinesia (TD) in 2 men who had been diagnosed with developmental disabilities and TD. Our findings suggest that TD-related movements were not a function of social reinforcement contingencies.…
Descriptors: Social Reinforcement, Mental Retardation, Developmental Disabilities, Behavior Problems
Peer reviewed
Haring, Thomas G.; Kennedy, Craig H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1988
Four criteria for evaluating the appropriateness of units of analysis for task analytic research are proposed. Meeting all four criteria and thus recommended for use in behavior analytic work is percentage correct with competent performance coded and a task analysis grid showing individual step performance. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Competency Based Education, Criteria, Elementary Secondary Education
Peer reviewed
Cushing, Lisa Sharon; Kennedy, Craig H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1997
A study of three children (ages 11-13) without disabilities who served as peer supports for students with disabilities in general education classrooms found that serving as a peer support had positive academic effects on the students without disabilities. Follow-up probes demonstrated that the positive benefits regarding academic engagement…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Disabilities, Helping Relationship, Inclusive Schools
Peer reviewed
Kennedy, Craig H.; Meyer, Kim A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1996
A study of the relationship between presence or absence of sleep deprivation, allergy symptoms, and the rate and function of problem behavior in three adolescents with moderate to profound mental retardation found that problem behavior was negatively reinforced by escape from instruction, and both allergy symptoms and sleep deprivation influenced…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Allergy, Behavior Patterns, Behavior Problems
Peer reviewed
Kennedy, Craig H.; Souza, Geri – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1995
Four studies analyzed eye poking behavior of a youth with profound disabilities. Results demonstrated substantive reductions in the frequency of eye poking when goggles were worn and when a video game was provided as a competing source of visual stimulation and as a reinforcer. Music was less effective in reducing eye poking. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Case Studies
Peer reviewed
Kennedy, Craig H.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1995
Two students with severe disabilities were alternately presented with interspersed high-compliance requests and social comments as antecedents to low-compliance requests. Analysis found similar positive effects on compliance for interspersed requests and social comments. The effectiveness of social comments was related to the time interval between…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Compliance (Psychology), Contingency Management
Peer reviewed
Kennedy, Craig H.; Itkonen, Tiina – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1993
Two studies analyzed the effects of preceding setting events on the problem behavior of 2 students (ages 20 and 22) with severe disabilities. Results indicated that the occurrence of preceding setting events was related to higher frequencies of problem behavior, and interventions designed to eliminate preceding setting events were consistently…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Incidence, Outcomes of Treatment
Peer reviewed
Kennedy, Craig H.; And Others – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1994
Three students (ages 17, 19, and 21) with moderate disabilities were taught to read and match-to-sample sight words comprising 4 4-member stimulus sets. Student performance indicated that symmetric relations emerged before one-node transitive relations and that one-node transitive relations emerged before two-node transitive relations. Results…
Descriptors: Basic Vocabulary, Beginning Reading, Behavioral Science Research, Cognitive Processes
Peer reviewed
Kennedy, Craig H.; Haring, Thomas G. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1993
Four students with profound multiple disabilities were taught to use a microswitch communication system to request a change in recreational stimuli during social interactions with nondisabled peers. Outcomes are discussed in terms of the effects of controlling stimulus presentation on student behavior and the stability of preference hierarchies…
Descriptors: Communication Aids (for Disabled), Interaction Process Analysis, Multiple Disabilities, Peer Relationship
Peer reviewed
Haring, Thomas G.; Kennedy, Craig H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1990
This study found that, in a task context, differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) effectively reduced problem behavior and increased task performance of 2 adolescents with severe disabilities (ages 15 and 19), whereas a time-out procedure was ineffective. In a leisure context, time-out was effective while DRO was ineffective.…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems, Context Effect, Leisure Time
Peer reviewed
Kennedy, Craig H.; Meyer, Kim A.; Knowles, Tanya; Shukla, Smita – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2000
Two studies involving five students (ages 9-17) with autism found that stereotypy was multiply determined or occurred across all assessment conditions (attention, demand, no-attention, and recreation conditions) and that the presumed association between response topography and behavioral function may be less important than previously realized.…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Change, Behavior Modification, Behavior Problems
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