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Lamb, Lisa A.; Bishop, Jessica Pierson; Philipp, Randolph A.; Whitacre, Ian; Schappelle, Bonnie P. – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 2018
In a cross-sectional study, 160 students in Grades 2, 4, 7, and 11 were interviewed about their reasoning when solving integer addition and subtraction open-number-sentence problems. We applied our previously developed framework for 5 Ways of Reasoning (WoRs) to our data set to describe patterns within and across participant groups. Our analysis…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Grade 2, Grade 4, Grade 7