Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in children and adolescents represent a global health crisis that has variable effects on children's mortality and morbidity given the resources, attitudes and beliefs, and health-care treatment available in their country. In China, children and adolescents not only…

Kenya has the twelfth largest HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world. In 2016, there was an estimated 1.6 million people living with HIV in Kenya. Youth ages 15-24 accounted for over half (51%) of the HIV incidence reported in 2015, a significant increase from 2013 where youth accounted for 29% of all new cases. The purpose of this paper is to review HIV…

In this article, we briefly describe the current epidemiology of HIV/AIDS among South African schoolchildren, as well as the neurocognitive, academic and psychosocial difficulties they experience. Cultural factors linked to HIV prevention and treatment are identified, and government and schools' response to HIV/AIDS is outlined. We then evaluate…

India represents the third largest country in the world of individuals living with HIV. Current surveillance data indicate a prevalence rate of 0.2% in the general population, with 2.1 million individuals living with HIV, including 61,000 children under the age of fifteen. HIV may result in a variety of academic, motor, language, psychosocial, and…

In the past few decades, as Japan has navigated a rapidly shifting social landscape that has altered the underpinnings of Japanese society, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has attempted to adapt by undertaking multiple revisions and reforms to the national education law with important implications for the…

Healthy students are better learners. Establishing positive school climates where students are healthy, engaged, and prepared to learn is a critical component in increasing student engagement and closing the achievement gap. As such, educators need to be aware of the impact of education-related outcomes on student outcomes and schools' ability to…

When education works, it creates productive, innovative citizens eager to contribute to a well-functioning democracy. In contrast, educational failure has lifelong consequences, with some individuals experiencing decades of preventable hardship. Dawn Flanagan and Joel Schneider write in this response that, like Kranzler, Floyd, Benson, Zabowski,…