The history of cognitive assessment in Brazil is described through evolutionary movements or waves, when tests were just imported and translated from other countries, criticized, and later evaluated in laboratories on test construction founded at private and state universities. The presence of high standards for test use place Brazil at the highest rank among other South American countries. Licensed psychologists conduct cognitive assessment using tests under traditional and new models to evaluate general intelligence, aptitudes, and creativity. At present, many challenges face Brazilian professionals, such as the absence of legal requirements for psychologists in the schools, which limits their possible contribution to public education. Leading researchers in school psychology in Brazil have underscored the need for higher standards for psychological training, including more specialized graduate courses on psychological assessment, in order to benefit Brazilian children and youth.