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Hammes, Patricia Simone; Bigras, Marc; Crepaldi, Maria Aparecida – International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 2016
We tested the criterion-related validity and potential bias of two measures of pupils' academic achievement: the Teacher Rating Scale (TRS) and the Mathematics and Literacy Achievement Tests (MLTs). These measures are representative of assessment methods largely used in the elementary school. The aims were: (1) to verify the extent to which TRS…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Academic Achievement, Validity, Bias