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Direct linkZangana, Haifa – International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2008
Having accumulated, throughout the twentieth century, historical achievements in education and standards of living higher than in most Arab and "third world" countries, Iraqi women were hit hard by two wars, the US-imposed economic sanctions of the 1990s, and then set back by the 2003 Anglo-American imperial occupation. Physical survival…
Descriptors: Females, Graduates, Foreign Countries, Sanctions
El-Kassem, Nadeen – International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2008
"Democracy promotion" as part of a larger project of 'reconstruction' is hailed in mainstream academia and in policy circles as an essential component of rebuilding the state and civil society in post-conflict situations. Here "democracy promotion" refers exclusively to the promotion of political representation and…
Descriptors: Females, Democracy, Conflict, Workshops
