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Koyuncu, Mahmut Sami; Erdemir, Aysenur – International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 2019
The aim of the study is to compare TIMSS 2011 proficiency levels with the proficiency levels defined by the researchers using cluster analysis for Turkey, Korean, Norway, and Morocco in 4th and 8 th grades in the fields of science and mathematics. Therefore, it is tried to be reached that these cut-off scores for each country can serve the…
Descriptors: Cutting Scores, Achievement Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries
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Wu, Hui-Ling; Weng, Hsiao-Lan; She, Hsiao-Ching – International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 2016
This study examined how background knowledge, scientific reasoning ability, and various scaffolding forms influenced students' science knowledge and scientific inquiry achievements. The students participated in an online scientific inquiry program involving such activities as generating scientific questions and drawing evidence-based conclusions,…
Descriptors: Scientific Research, Prior Learning, Abstract Reasoning, Thinking Skills