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Ortiz, Enrique; Eisenreich, Heidi A.; Tapp, Laura E. K. – International Journal for Mathematics Teaching and Learning, 2019
The goal of this study is to analyze undergraduate elementary school pre-service teachers' conceptions and misconceptions of physical and virtual manipulative materials using an interpretive "framework." The "framework" involved the use of the "Concrete," "Pictorial" and "Abstract cognitive levels"…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Teaching Methods, Manipulative Materials, Undergraduate Study
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Ortiz, Enrique – International Journal for Mathematics Teaching and Learning, 2014
Students start to memorize arithmetic facts from early elementary school mathematics activities. Their fluency or lack of fluency with these facts could affect their efforts as they carry out mental calculations as adults. This study investigated participants' levels of brain activation and possible reasons for these levels as they solved…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Arithmetic, Problem Solving, Measurement Equipment