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Grotzer, Tina A.; Solis, S. Lynneth; Tutwiler, M. Shane; Cuzzolino, Megan Powell – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2017
Understanding complex systems requires reasoning about causal relationships that behave or appear to behave probabilistically. Features such as distributed agency, large spatial scales, and time delays obscure co-variation relationships and complex interactions can result in non-deterministic relationships between causes and effects that are best…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Elementary School Science, Kindergarten, Grade 2
Kim, Minchi C.; Hannafin, Michael J. – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2011
In response to the calls to improve and deepen scientific understanding and literacy, considerable effort has been invested in developing sustainable technology-enhanced learning environments to improve science inquiry. Research has provided important guidance for scaffolding learning in mathematics and science. However, these reports have…
Descriptors: Evidence, Classroom Research, Grade 6, Scaffolding (Teaching Technique)