Sidney Hook set the terms of debate on Communism, higher education, and academic freedom in the postwar United States. His view that Communists lacked the independence necessary for teaching and research--a view forged in the heated debates of New York City's radical left in the 1930s--provided the rationale for firing Communist professors across…

Traces trends in salaries paid to male and female public school teachers in New York City during a four-year period in the early twentieth century. Findings indicate that, in direct opposition to the situation around the turn of the century, there were few school districts that differentiated in the 1970s in salary on the basis of sex. (DB)