Reviews Japan's educational system in terms of three major time periods: the Meiji Period 1868-80, Occupation Period 1945-52, and from 1978 to the present. Discusses strengths and weaknesses of education in each time frame. Concludes that Japan's educational system is in need of reform once again, but questions whether it has the ability to reform…

Assesses the historiography of African-American education in terms of its appraisal of the Black struggle for education and its ability to contribute to the emancipation of Black. Evaluates the topical and thematic content and the dominant interpretive stances of three periods: (1) 1890s to the Great Depression, (2) 1930s-1960s, and (3) the late…

Discusses the attitudes and experiences of U.S. Indian children who attended schools run by the Board of Foreign Missions (BFM) of the Presbyterian Church during the nineteenth century. (BSR)

Describes how Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) testing came to be used in the Los Angeles, California public schools. Argues that the test generated more confusion and frustration among teachers and administrators than previously believed. Concludes that, despite pressure to use I.Q. scores exclusively for student classification, individual teachers…

The dominant conception of knowledge in modern consciousness and culture is examined, and some of its consequences are explored. Implications of the gap between knowledge and values with regard to our understanding of education are discussed. (RM)

The historical development of social ecology and ways in which an ecological approach can illuminate the study of urban education are discussed. An interdisciplinary, microecological framework is applied to the study of links between schooling and community in a nineteenth-century dockland slum. (SR)

Examined are 20th century claims made about the Mormon commitment to education, the historic development of public schooling in Utah and its relationship to the thinking of Brigham Young, and the implications of the Mormon past on the claims made about its educational perspectives. (RM)

Examines how the residents of Baltimore, Maryland, reacted to the idea of public schooling in the second quarter of the 19th century. Public education received considerable support. However, it was not embraced uniformly and simultaneously as a solution to alleviate middle- and upper-class anxieties over social change and disorder. (RM)

Discusses the education of the Jews in 19th-century century Russia during the reign of Nicholas I. There was rapid growth of state-controlled Jewish secular education from almost none in 1844 to 106 schools with 3487 students in 1855. (RM)

Examines the role of ideologies in the history of American education. A case study showing how the Protestant ideology influenced the social outlook and actions of school reformers in the antebellum period of the nineteenth century is included. (AM)

After World War II, America assumed the responsibility for helping to reform Germany's educational system. American educational policy did not have a clear direction; three distinct phases are discernible. (AM)

Between 1945 and 1955, American efforts to reform education in Germany included an initial phase of punitive purges, an imposition of American curricular models, generously endowed reorientation programs, and attempts to persuade the Germans to reform their own system. These contradictory shifts were not the result of rational policy decisions.…

Examines church-state relations in educational matters in Italy from 1922 to the outbreak of World War II. Unlike Nazi Germany which could boast of nazified schools, Fascist Italy was compelled to recognize the considerable influence of Catholicism on education. (Author/KC)

Traces the influence of missionary views concerning African educability upon educational practices, 1879-1908. Concludes that the amount and kind of schooling missionaries provided reflected patriarchal goals and the missionaries' aversion to the production of a literary or technically oriented urban African elite. (Author/KC)

Examines the multidimensional, complex, and dynamic role of educational policy by examining its formation from 1928 to 1934. Concludes that educational policy needs to be understood as an unsettled and changing set of responses by government to the continual interaction among men, forces, ideas, and institutions. (Author/KC)