Samuel Chapman Armstrong is well known for establishing Hampton Institute, the institution most involved with training black teachers in the South after the Civil War. It is less known that he was born in Hawai'i to the missionary couple Reverend Richard and Clarissa Chapman Armstrong. His parents were members of the Fifth Company of missionaries that arrived in Hawai'i in 1831. Reverend Armstrong withdrew from the mission in 1848 to become the Minister of Public Instruction. Until Reverend Armstrong's death in 1860, he was the major force behind education for Hawaiians in both missionary and public schools. There are four sections in the body of this article. The first section covers the education system of Hawai'i, focusing on the use of manual and industrial education. The second section reports on Armstrong's education system at Hampton Institute, including both the similarities and differences with the education system practiced in Hawai'i. The third section details the arrival of manual training as a form of manual and industrial education as a force in Hawai'i and Armstrong's contribution to it becoming the preferred system for educating Hawaiians. The fourth division connects Armstrong's influence to the extensive use of manual training made by second-generation missionary educators during the last two decades of the nineteenth century in the colonization of the Islands. (Contains 95 footnotes.)