Compares career preferences of graduates of the two most prestigious Jesuit schools in nineteenth-century France. Graduates of one, which catered to the upper class, generally followed familial vocations such as law. Graduates of the other, upwardly-mobile members of the middle class, generally chose public service careers in the armed forces.…

Law students at Toulouse, France, during the nineteenth century failed to form student organizations for three reasons: Legal studies did not encourage joint student activity; the students came from an upper and middle-class culture that discouraged adventurism; and authorities went to great lengths to prevent collective activity by students. (RM)

Elementary, secondary, and higher education enrollment data for Scotland between the 1860s and 1939 are examined, and the structure and development of the Scottish system in the light of some of the general theories of comparative social history of education are discussed. (RM)

Discusses the use of higher education for social defense, moral improvement, and working-class acculturation in 19th-century France. (RM)

Reviews political, social, and educational influences which contributed to expansion of the Sorbonne (the University of Paris) from the late 1880s to the early 1900s, with attention to the roles of Louis Liard (dominant figure in French education) and Emile Durkheim (leading Sorbonne professor of sociology and advocate of proscientific attitudes…

Reviews the educational reform movement in France during the late nineteenth century which produced one of the most tightly organized, centrally controlled, and pedagogically effective models of elementary education in the world, with emphasis on the role of the Catholic clergy and attempts of the republican regime to uproot clerical influence in…

Discusses the necessity of setting boundaries for a research topic while bridging gaps with information from other disciplines and history of education in other nations. Illustrates the point with the history of women's education in the United States. Includes discussion of the influence of British boys' schools, French boarding schools, and the…