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Loparco, Fabiana – History of Education, 2017
Despite the prohibition on punishment in the form of emotional, psychological and physical abuse under the Fascist school regulations, it was common--particularly in Italian rural classrooms--for the purpose of managing and disciplining students. Sticks, "chickpeas" or "donkey desks" represent just a few examples of the methods…
Descriptors: Punishment, Educational History, Authoritarianism, Foreign Countries
Mahamud, Kira – History of Education, 2016
This paper aims to highlight the prominence and relevance attached by the Franco dictatorial regime to emotions and sentiments in primary education textbooks. The authors of school textbooks employed a singular writing style, which enabled them to permeate the regime's ideology within the primary education community and classroom. Overcoming the…
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Textbooks, Authoritarianism, Psychological Patterns
Mahamud, Kira; Martínez Ruiz-Funes, María José – History of Education, 2014
This paper describes a study dealing with the reconstruction of the lives of two Spanish primary school teachers during the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975), in order to learn to what extent such a field of research can contribute to the history of education. Two family archives provide extraordinary and unique documentation to track down their…
Descriptors: Elementary School Teachers, Educational History, Foreign Countries, Personal Narratives
Harvey, Jessamy – History of Education, 2008
This article focuses on heroic images of Spanish women in schoolbooks for girls published during the dictatorial regime of General Franco (1939-75). Alongside the female members of Spain's royal ranks and the holy women of the Catholic Church's canon, who were domesticated by association with the needle, some schoolbooks also recovered a small…
Descriptors: Role Models, Females, Womens Education, Textbooks