In 1949, 17 Japanese women educators attended a training course to discuss the issues of coeducation and counseling in a society undergoing broad social reforms. They talked freely about their deepest feelings and personal struggles over two decades of economic depression, war, and military occupation. (RM)

Vast changes took place in urban benevolence toward poor females in the first half of the nineteenth century. Agencies started by upper-class women as private organizations to support needy women became agencies run by salaried, professional, male charity workers whose job it was to train and discipline poor females. (RM)

Women faculty at Wellesley College in the Progressive Era were not only the best female academics of their generation, they also created a rich social life and sense of community among themselves. At the same time they maintained a commitment to social activism. Their accomplishments and limitations are discussed. (IS)