Student populations at institutions of higher education are increasingly diverse. To maximize students' feelings of inclusivity and belongingness within heterogeneous communities -- both of which have been linked with greater educational outcomes -- it is imperative for faculty to create and maintain inclusive classroom spaces. The aim of this…

The objective of this research is to discuss how Sociology contributes to identify "the experience of the unconscious gender bias" against female scientists and to assess its impact on their career development. This research is at the first stage of three-year research project. The final aim of this research is to identify the social…

Both internal and external factors have incited higher education institutions to reevaluate and restructure antiquated policies and practices that influence contingent faculty support systems and contingent faculty interpersonal relationships with their institutional community members. Current literature and research has yet to truly explore what…

As more and more women are being employed as faculty in institutions of higher education, tenure track positions are declining and most of the positions women find themselves in are clinical non-tenure track or part-time adjunct positions. With less traditional academic positions available and more women in the field the result is increased…

The gender wage gap in the United States is a well-documented social and economic phenomenon. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 has done little to bring parity between men's and women's wages. Existing data show a relationship between race, age, geography, immigration, education, and women's pay status. This study analyzes wage disparity within higher…

Status in the legal academy can mean two things. The first is one's rank, with the highest status being a tenured, full professor. The second is the prestige of one's home institution in the law school rankings. Women have been graduating from law schools in significant numbers for more than thirty years. However, they continue to be…

There is ample evidence that there still is a pay gap amongst men and women and the situation is no different if academia. Many studies have examined various types of gender discrimination in academia and two areas in particular are problematic--salaries and representation of female faculty in upper ranks of academia. This paper examines the past…

In colleges and universities throughout the United States, women are underrepresented at the rank of full professor. This national pattern holds true at two highly selective small private liberal arts colleges in the Northeast, one formerly a men's college and the other formerly a women's college. Analysis of personnel data at the former women's…

This paper focuses on the premise that within the instruction process of higher education, the classroom context needs to create an atmosphere of motivational learning that is founded in part on a relationship between the students and professor that is formatted on the concept of mutual sharing of personal experiences, values, beliefs, and…

Women's difficulty in achieving professional success in faculty positions in higher education is a continuing concern. Finding a balance between home and work responsibilities is more complex for women, and when traditional gender scripts are bent, they lead to harsher judgments from students, peers and administrators than for their male…

The focus of this research is to survey the literature in American higher education on the tenure and promotion of women and to suggest future problems that women may encounter as the American population grays. Anecdotally, women are not tenured and promoted in the same percentages of men in similar fields. In the social and natural sciences,…

At four-year colleges and universities, particularly those at which either master's degrees or doctoral degrees are the highest degrees conferred, women continue to be underrepresented in the ranks of tenured faculty. At one time, the disparity could be explained by the paucity of women who had earned doctoral degrees and were otherwise qualified…

The literature opposed to affirmative action in hiring, granting tenure and promotion in the university claims that it lowers standards. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that in the decades prior to the institutionalization of affirmative action in the Academy, hiring, tenure and promotion standards were quite lax--resembling an "old boys…

The theory about the power of useful knowledge to improve the human condition was published in Francis Bacon's "Novum organon" and his "New Atlantis" in the seventeenth century. The connection between useful knowledge and red brick institutions from University College in London to Framingham State College and MIT in…

Numerous connections between the visual arts and sciences are evident if we choose to look for them. In February 2006, students and faculty from the Art and Geol/Geog departments at NW Missouri State University put together an exhibit at a local art gallery featuring works that were born out of science, inspired by science, or exploring the…