Inclusion in research systems (specifically, research training, universities, and the publishing and funding environment within higher education) is increasingly identified as a problem. An inclusive body of researchers is better equipped to produce relevant, actionable scholarship that accounts for diversity and difference. Why? There's a strong link between the background, interests, and life experiences of a researcher and the questions and research topics they pursue. Inclusion does not just mean incorporating phenotypically different researchers into existing mechanisms of knowledge production. Researchers with unique life experiences will bring with them unique ways of thinking, identifying problems and questions, developing models of research, and contributing to the field. True inclusion efforts move beyond "representing" diversity and instead will create space for diverse ways of observing, thinking, theorizing, hypothesizing, testing, interpreting, and validating in research systems. This report discusses how inclusion affects knowledge production, societal and economic consequences of non-inclusion in research systems, factors that can shape inclusion, and inclusion in the researcher pipeline.