Physical education and sport are often critically evaluated for the potential impact they can have on the development of children, both from the perspective of health and the development of sporting talent. Reflecting these two important goals, this paper presents an evaluation of the efficacy of an evidence-based, educational and inclusive approach to the promotion of lifelong physical activity and development of talent in children. A two-year pilot programme (n = 1060, mixed gender) was delivered through formal lessons and extracurricular activity clubs within the Scottish Education System utilizing an integrated package of physical and mental skills development. A triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data, collected through a range of interviews and the "Young Peoples' Physical Activity Questionnaire" and "Young People's Perception Questionnaire", provided evidence for the efficacy of such an approach in short-term promotion of present activity levels and longer term changes in the key attitudes required for success (e.g. perceived competence, self-determination and self-motivation). Significant improvements in participation levels, self-determination, perceived competence and self-motivation were found, supporting the qualitative results relating to the positive impact of the programme. The impact of such a philosophy and programme on child development, teacher education, initiative coherence, physical activity and talent development are discussed. (Contains 8 figures.)