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Direct linkAittola, Helena – European Journal of Higher Education, 2017
In Europe, doctoral education systems have been systematically reformed. These reforms are aimed at improving the quality of research and the competitiveness of European countries. In Finland, the reform project of doctoral education started vigorously in the mid-1990s which has contributed significantly to the emergence of more structured…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Doctoral Programs, Educational Change, Institutional Characteristics
