At a time when many countries are slowing expansion, Finland continues to provide for growth in funding, particularly research, until 1991. Pressures for reform include the growing number of students seeking higher education, the need for highly educated manpower, and pressure for international comparability of degrees. (MSE)

The German research university concept was under pressure in the 1980s, but the value system has not changed much. Relative economic prosperity helped the overloaded state system. The federal organization of higher education seems to be a stabilizing influence, as is the political and economic breakdown in eastern Europe. (MSE)

The function and activities of the European Institute of Education since its inception in 1944 are examined, particularly as reflected in a number of specific programs and international conferences. Topics discussed include educational audits and surveys of education system development, language and cultural education programs, vocational…