Implementation fidelity is often thought of as a necessary condition to achieve internal validity and as having a relation to student outcomes. This relation is increasingly modeled; we reviewed reading intervention studies for students in pre-K-12 in which measures of implementation fidelity were included in final data analysis. A systematic…

In mathematics, the keyword strategy involves identifying a keyword and using that keyword to determine the operation needed to find a word problem's solution. We analyzed 747 high-stakes released items across grades 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Of these, 57 items did not involve written text. Of the 690 text-based items, we classified 69% as directive…

This study explored how online teacherpreneurs, or preschool to twelfth-grade teachers who market their classroom materials online, experience perceived improvements to classroom practice. Research has found that participating teachers believed teacherpreneurship motivated them to try unique classroom approaches, exposed them to new ways of…

Exemplary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning has been challenging to identify and replicate. Drawing on STEM literature by school level and an analytic framework for collective leadership, this multiple-case study of five exemplary STEM schools compares conditions, barriers, and variations by school level. Over 2…

Elementary and secondary principals were surveyed to better understand their perceptions of the roles and impact of specialized literacy professionals (e.g., reading specialists, coaches) in their schools. A 32-question survey was completed by 103 Pennsylvania principals across elementary and secondary school contexts. Findings include distinct…

Students of color are significantly underrepresented in gifted programs relative to their White peers. Drawing on political science research suggesting that public organizations more equitably distribute policy outputs when service providers share characteristics with their client populations, we investigate whether representation of students of…

For years scholars have attended to either generic or content-specific teaching practices attempting to understand instructional quality and its effects on student learning. Drawing on the TIMSS 2007 and 2011 databases, this exploratory study empirically tests the hypothesis that attending to both types of practices can help better explain student…

This study investigated the extent to which a state-funded teacher professional development program designed to improve K-2 science education led to changes that persisted beyond the funding period. The study used a longitudinal, mixed-methods approach and examined persistence of changes in teachers' content knowledge, self-efficacy, instructional…

Though writing plays an important role in academic, social, and economic success, typical writing instruction generally does not reflect evidence-based practices (EBPs). One potential reason for this is limited signposting of EBPs in standards. We analyzed the content of writing standards from a representative sample of states and the Common Core…

In this article, we compare the Common Core State Standards in Writing to the Hayes cognitive model of writing, adapted to describe the performance of young and developing writers. Based on the comparison, we propose the inclusion of standards for motivation, goal setting, writing strategies, and attention by writers to the text they have just…

The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) establish a challenging text-complexity standard for all high school graduates to read at college and workplace text-complexity levels. We argue that implementation of the CCSS standard requires concurrent examination of historical student reading-growth trends. An example of a historical student average…

The Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts have prompted enormous attention to issues of text complexity. The purpose of this article is to put text complexity in perspective by moving from a primary focus on the text itself to a focus on the comprehension of complex text. We argue that a focus on comprehension is at the heart of…

Suggests that schools play a major role in sex stereotyping and that violations of federal legislation, restrictions on individual development, and mental health problems may result. The effects of sex stereotyping on hiring practices, teacher models, physical education programs, counseling and guidance services, and textbooks are discussed. (JMB)

Contends that the public school is responsible for the habit training of its pupils to maximize their social effectiveness. Reprint from March 1908 "Elementary School Journal." (JMB)