This study was to evaluate weight status and sociodemographic disparities in physical activity (PA) intensities (i.e., vigorous PA [VPA], moderate PA [MPA], and light PA [LPA]) during different segments of the school day, including physical education (PE), recess, and lunchtime. Participants were 287 third-grade students (Mage = 8.38, SD = 0.50).…

The current study tested changes in modern/contemporary art valuation among students ages 6-15. Participants rated abstract paintings and conceptual works (and two control categories--traditional Western figurative paintings and everyday objects) on the dimensions of liking and art classification. As we hypothesized, modern/contemporary art was…

A key lever for improving instructional quality centers on providing teachers with professional development (PD) opportunities customized to their instructional needs. To examine whether teacher evaluation reforms led such PD opportunities, we explored the extent to which teachers received PD based on their instructional profiles. To do so, we…

The importance of mathematics in early grades has been well established. Two variables that are associated with mathematics achievement are student-teacher relationships (STR) and student type (students identified with a disability and students not identified with a disability). The current study investigated the interaction between perceived STR…

Boys and girls sit together in most classrooms, but do they interact? Based on 40-year-old evidence, coeducational classes may not be coeducational but instead segregated by gender, which may undermine student success. Our goal is to answer this question in today's classrooms. We used longitudinal data to assess gender segregation in 26 classes in…

This study examined the literacy trajectories of 185 Head Start-eligible Black children from preschool to first grade enrolled in a high-quality early learning program physically connected to an elementary school where they attended kindergarten and first grade. Social emotional, language, and literacy skills were assessed in the fall and spring…

Nearly 30 years ago, Chall, Jacobs, and Baldwin introduced the fourth-grade slump to describe the unexpected deceleration of reading skills between first and fourth grades among children growing up in poverty and low-income households. Advances in our understanding of reading development and how race, racism, or other forms of discrimination are…

Effects from different studies of reading and mindset interventions are inconsistent, pointing to the need to investigate moderating factors affecting response. In this study, we implemented two intensive intervention conditions for fourth-grade students with/at risk for reading disabilities (N = 360). One intervention condition included reading…

The present multiprobe single-case design study investigated the impact of integrating evidence-based behavioral supports into a small-group reading intervention on student engagement and disruptive behavior for six upper elementary students with co-occurring reading difficulties and inattention. Visual analysis suggested a functional relation for…

Perfetti's representational quality hypothesis suggests that orthographic learning in developing readers is associated with two important changes to the orthographic lexicon that drive continued word reading development, namely, addition of word-specific representations and acquisition of complex context-dependent decoding skills. Perfetti further…

Various factors at the individual and school levels contribute to the impairment of academic achievement. We examined whether academic class composition, measured as average class achievement and class heterogeneity (variance in achievement within class), moderates the associations of inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity with academic…

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to dramatic changes in way of life for people across the globe. One of the most common disruptions to everyday life has been the prolonged closure of schools, in-person school in particular. This article presents research examining the consequences of the pandemic on the reading skills of first- through sixth-grade…

This multiple-case study probes the social-emotional well-being of elementary and middle-grade students labeled as English learners who were enrolled in different bilingual program models in the midwestern United States. Using ecological systems theory, this qualitative study probes students' social-emotional well-being across schools and within…

Literacy is essential to the development of any nation. Despite foreign aid to support education initiatives in Africa, high rates of illiteracy persist. This synthesis examined the extent to which early literacy intervention research has been conducted in Africa and the effects of these interventions on reading outcomes for students in…

Conceptual and procedural instruction order may affect students' learning and generalization of math skills. This study compared two instruction sequences, concepts-first and iterative, and their effect on fraction performance through a class-wide intervention. Fourth-grade students (N = 114) were randomly assigned to the concepts-first,…