In the implementation of "Kurikulum Merdeka" in Indonesian schools, there is a fundamental change related to the position of English as a subject. When previously English was considered a local content subject at elementary schools, in today's curriculum, it becomes compulsory for both primary to secondary levels of elementary. The…

The effectiveness of science instruction undoubtedly relies heavily on the teacher. Moreover, international guidelines for science teacher training and the standards for their competencies emphasize the adequate utilization of instructional technologies. In this light, sophisticated instruction of science demands a teacher who has a high…

Creativity must be considered in teaching elementary school students to prepare them to be more innovative. It needs to be fostered from an early age because children at that age are in a critical period, so it will be easier to teach them to think creatively. The teachers have roles to carry out creative teaching to foster their students'…

Primary school teachers are one of the main actors in basic education. In this context, their 21st-century skills, math literacy, and financial literacy affect the quality of their teaching. This study aims at examining the relationship between pre-service primary school teachers' mathematical literacy, 21st-century skills, and financial literacy…

Self-efficacy and spatial anxiety towards geometry are stated to be effective to improve teachers' attitudes towards geometry. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the effect of geometry self-efficacy and spatial anxiety on attitude towards geometry. This determines the extent to which the pre-service primary school teachers' geometry…

The development of technology and information demands elementary school teachers to be able to make and teach technology-based musical instruments so that the development of technology and information can be used in the learning process. Elementary school teachers also have problems teaching musical composition using ensemble musical instruments.…

This study aims at determining the science concepts and subjects used in the "religion courses" taught in secondary schools and the contribution of science to religion courses, which is not a widely studied topic in the relevant literature. Like qualitative research, this study is a multiple case study. The data were collected using a…

This research aims at comparing the self-efficacy of primary school (SD, "Sekolah Dasar") teachers who had taken teacher training program (PPG, "Program Pelatihan Guru") on Mathematics teaching and vice versa in which it was seen from the personal belief subfactors in teaching Mathematics and the expectation of mathematics…

Self-efficacy has an important role to strengthen one's belief in completing tasks. This research focused on the lack of self-efficacy in primary school students. The purpose of this research is to describe the potentials and urgency of self-efficacy seen from the perspective of students' self-abilities and interests in the fifth-grade of primary…