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Huang, Hung-Yu; Wang, Wen-Chung – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2014
In the social sciences, latent traits often have a hierarchical structure, and data can be sampled from multiple levels. Both hierarchical latent traits and multilevel data can occur simultaneously. In this study, we developed a general class of item response theory models to accommodate both hierarchical latent traits and multilevel data. The…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Computation, Test Reliability