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Chen, Ouhao; Paas, Fred; Sweller, John – Educational Psychology Review, 2023
Educational researchers have been confronted with a multitude of definitions of task complexity and a lack of consensus on how to measure it. Using a cognitive load theory-based perspective, we argue that the task complexity that learners experience is based on element interactivity. Element interactivity can be determined by simultaneously…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Task Analysis, Long Term Memory
Chen, Ouhao; Paas, Fred; Sweller, John – Educational Psychology Review, 2021
Spaced and interleaved practices have been identified as effective learning strategies which sometimes are conflated as a single strategy and at other times treated as distinct. Learning sessions in which studying information or practicing problems are spaced in time with rest-from-deliberate-learning periods between sessions generally result in…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Short Term Memory, Intervals
Chen, Ouhao; Castro-Alonso, Juan C.; Paas, Fred; Sweller, John – Educational Psychology Review, 2018
Depletion of limited working memory resources may occur following extensive mental effort resulting in decreased performance compared to conditions requiring less extensive mental effort. This "depletion effect" can be incorporated into cognitive load theory that is concerned with using the properties of human cognitive architecture,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Short Term Memory, Elementary School Students
Chen, Ouhao; Kalyuga, Slava; Sweller, John – Educational Psychology Review, 2017
Within the framework of cognitive load theory, the element interactivity and the expertise reversal effects usually are not treated as closely related effects. We argue that the two effects may be intertwined with the expertise reversal effect constituting a particular example of the element interactivity effect. Specifically, the element…
Descriptors: Expertise, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Interaction