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Bradshaw, Laine; Izsák, Andrew; Templin, Jonathan; Jacobson, Erik – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2014
We report a multidimensional test that examines middle grades teachers' understanding of fraction arithmetic, especially multiplication and division. The test is based on four attributes identified through an analysis of the extensive mathematics education research literature on teachers' and students' reasoning in this content…
Descriptors: Middle School Teachers, Numbers, Arithmetic, Multiplication
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Murphy, Daniel L.; Gaertner, Matthew N. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2014
This study evaluates four growth prediction models--projection, student growth percentile, trajectory, and transition table--commonly used to forecast (and give schools credit for) middle school students' future proficiency. Analyses focused on vertically scaled summative mathematics assessments, and two performance standards conditions (high…
Descriptors: Prediction, Models, Achievement Gains, Middle School Students