If Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney wins the November election, his ascension could endanger--or dismantle--key Obama administration education initiatives and lead to a slimmed-down and less activist U.S. Department of Education. Scaled back Education Department and cloudy prospects for Obama initiatives are among the scenarios. But some of President Barack Obama's priorities might live on in a Romney administration. The former Massachusetts governor has praised the Race to the Top competition, Mr. Obama's signature education redesign initiative. He also has voiced support for the Harlem Children's Zone, a community-building project that inspired the current administration's Promise Neighborhoods grants. Mr. Romney, however, has been silent on perhaps the biggest question: Would he rescind, or demand changes to, the waivers that have been granted so far under the No Child Left Behind Act to 33 states and the District of Columbia? Overall, education experts would not expect a very active Education Department under Mr. Romney.