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Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Co-Occurring Math Difficulties in Dyslexia: Differences in Executive Function and Visuospatial Processing
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Rebecca A. Marks; Courtney Pollack; Steven L. Meisler; Anila M. D'Mello; Tracy M. Centanni; Rachel R. Romeo; Karolina Wade; Anna A. Matejko; Daniel Ansari; John D. E. Gabrieli; Joanna A. Christodoulou – Developmental Science, 2024
Children with dyslexia frequently also struggle with math. However, studies of reading disability (RD) rarely assess math skill, and the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying co-occurring reading and math disability (RD+MD) are not clear. The current study aimed to identify behavioral and neurocognitive factors associated with co-occurring MD among…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Executive Function, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability
Children with Developmental Dyslexia Have Equivalent Audiovisual Speech Perception Performance but Their Perceptual Weights Differ
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Gijbels, Liesbeth; Lee, Adrian K. C.; Yeatman, Jason D. – Developmental Science, 2024
As reading is inherently a multisensory, audiovisual (AV) process where visual symbols (i.e., letters) are connected to speech sounds, the question has been raised whether individuals with reading difficulties, like children with developmental dyslexia (DD), have broader impairments in multisensory processing. This question has been posed before,…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Developmental Disabilities, Auditory Perception, Visual Perception
Anticipation across Modalities in Children and Adults: Relating Anticipatory Alpha Rhythm Lateralization, Reaction Time, and Executive Function
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Weiss, Staci Meredith; Marshall, Peter J. – Developmental Science, 2023
The development of the ability to anticipate--as manifested by preparatory actions and neural activation related to the expectation of an upcoming stimulus--may play a key role in the ontogeny of cognitive skills more broadly. This preregistered study examined anticipatory brain potentials and behavioral responses (reaction time; RT) to…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Ability, Reaction Time, Case Studies
Developmental Emergence of Holistic Processing in Word Recognition
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Nischal, Roshni Pushpa; Behrmann, Marlene – Developmental Science, 2023
Holistic processing (HP) of faces refers to the obligatory, simultaneous processing of the parts and their relations, and it emerges over the course of development. HP is manifest in a decrement in the perception of inverted versus upright faces and a reduction in face processing ability when the relations between parts are perturbed. Here,…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Cognitive Processes, Developmental Stages, Comparative Analysis
Increasing Audiovisual Speech Integration in Autism through Enhanced Attention to Mouth
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Feng, Shuyuan; Wang, Qiandong; Hu, Yixiao; Lu, Haoyang; Li, Tianbi; Song, Ci; Fang, Jing; Chen, Lihan; Yi, Li – Developmental Science, 2023
Autistic children (AC) show less audiovisual speech integration in the McGurk task, which correlates with their reduced mouth-looking time. The present study examined whether AC's less audiovisual speech integration in the McGurk task could be increased by increasing their mouth-looking time. We recruited 4- to 8-year-old AC and nonautistic…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children, Speech, Auditory Perception
Bayesian Causal Inference in Visuotactile Integration in Children and Adults
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Verhaar, Erik; Medendorp, Wijbrand Pieter; Hunnius, Sabine; Stapel, Janny C. – Developmental Science, 2022
If cues from different sensory modalities share the same cause, their information can be integrated to improve perceptual precision. While it is well established that adults exploit sensory redundancy by integrating cues in a Bayes optimal fashion, whether children under 8 years of age combine sensory information in a similar fashion is still…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Causal Models, Statistical Inference, Visual Perception
Examining Relations between Performance on Non-Verbal Executive Function and Verbal Self-Regulation Tasks in Demographically-Diverse Populations
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Dutra, Natália B.; Chen, Lydia; Anum, Adote; Burger, Oskar; Davis, Helen E.; Dzokoto, Vivian A.; Fong, Frankie T. K.; Ghelardi, Sabrina; Mendez, Kimberly; Messer, Emily J. E.; Newhouse, Morgan; Nielsen, Mark G.; Ramos, Karlos; Rawlings, Bruce; dos Santos, Renan A. C.; Silveira, Lara G. S.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Legare, Cristine H. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self-regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self-regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception
Visual Experiences during Letter Production Contribute to the Development of the Neural Systems Supporting Letter Perception
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Vinci-Booher, Sophia; James, Karin H. – Developmental Science, 2020
Letter production through handwriting creates visual experiences that may be important for the development of visual letter perception. We sought to better understand the neural responses to different visual percepts created during handwriting at different levels of experience. Three groups of participants, younger children, older children, and…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Handwriting, Visual Perception, Brain Hemisphere Functions
Temporal Representation Impairment in Developmental Dyslexia for Unisensory and Multisensory Stimuli
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Gori, Monica; Ober, Kinga M.; Tinelli, Francesca; Coubard, Olivier A. – Developmental Science, 2020
Dyslexia has been associated with a problem in visual-audio integration mechanisms. Here, we investigate for the first time the contribution of unisensory cues on multisensory audio and visual integration in 32 dyslexic children by modelling results using the Bayesian approach. Non-linguistic stimuli were used. Children performed a temporal task:…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Children, Perceptual Impairments, Auditory Perception
The Developmental Trajectory of Children's Auditory and Visual Statistical Learning Abilities: Modality-Based Differences in the Effect of Age
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Raviv, Limor; Arnon, Inbal – Developmental Science, 2018
Infants, children and adults are capable of extracting recurring patterns from their environment through statistical learning (SL), an implicit learning mechanism that is considered to have an important role in language acquisition. Research over the past 20 years has shown that SL is present from very early infancy and found in a variety of tasks…
Descriptors: Child Development, Age Differences, Learning Processes, Children
The Development of Perceptual Averaging: Learning What to Do, Not Just How to Do It
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Jones, Pete R.; Dekker, Tessa M. – Developmental Science, 2018
The mature visual system condenses complex scenes into simple summary statistics (e.g., average size, location, orientation, etc.). However, children, often perform poorly on perceptual averaging tasks. Children's difficulties are typically thought to represent the suboptimal implementation of an adult-like strategy. This paper examines another…
Descriptors: Statistics, Task Analysis, Children, Correlation
Developmental Trajectory of Neural Specialization for Letter and Number Visual Processing
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Park, Joonkoo; van den Berg, Berry; Chiang, Crystal; Woldorff, Marty G.; Brannon, Elizabeth M. – Developmental Science, 2018
Adult neuroimaging studies have demonstrated dissociable neural activation patterns in the visual cortex in response to letters (Latin alphabet) and numbers (Arabic numerals), which suggest a strong experiential influence of reading and mathematics on the human visual system. Here, developmental trajectories in the event-related potential (ERP)…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Neurological Organization, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Alphabets
Development of the Ability to Combine Visual and Acoustic Information in Working Memory
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Cowan, Nelson; Li, Yu; Glass, Bret A.; Scott Saults, J. – Developmental Science, 2018
Presentation of two kinds of materials in working memory (visual and acoustic), with the requirement to attend to one or both modalities, poses an interesting case for working memory development because competing predictions can be formulated. In two experiments, we assessed such predictions with children 7-13 years old and adults. With…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Auditory Perception, Acoustics
Visual Attention and Academic Performance in Children with Developmental Disabilities and Behavioural Attention Deficits
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Kirk, Hannah E.; Gray, Kylie; Riby, Deborah M.; Taffe, John; Cornish, Kim M. – Developmental Science, 2017
Despite well-documented attention deficits in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), distinctions across types of attention problems and their association with academic attainment has not been fully explored. This study examines visual attention capacities and inattentive/hyperactive behaviours in 77 children aged 4 to…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Hyperactivity, Attention Deficit Disorders, Intellectual Disability
Longitudinal Evidence Linking Processing Speed to the Development of Reasoning
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Kail, Robert V.; Lervåg, Arne; Hulme, Charles – Developmental Science, 2016
Age-related change in processing speed has been linked directly to increases in reasoning as well as indirectly via increases in the capacity of working memory (WM). Most of the evidence linking change in speed to reasoning has come from cross-sectional research; in this article we present the findings from a 2½-year longitudinal study of 277 6-…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Longitudinal Studies, Cognitive Processes, Thinking Skills
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