For more than three decades, American colleges and universities have made determined efforts to increase their numbers of students of color, particularly African-American and Hispanic students. But bringing students into higher education is not the same as ensuring that they succeed. The persistence rates of African Americans and Hispanics continue to lag behind those of Asians and non-Hispanic whites. The drop-out rates for Hispanics and African Americans are close to double those of non-Hispanic whites and Asians. To find out how institutions can change these numbers, the authors conducted interviews with nearly 30 college and university presidents who are recognized by their peers and other higher-education leaders for campus-wide efforts that have made notable progress toward ensuring the success of students of color. They targeted presidents because they are uniquely positioned to have a campus-wide perspective on issues of campus-wide concern. They are able to see the connections between academic and student affairs, across colleges and departments, and across institutional boundaries. They understand how campus-wide culture manifests itself within different units and the resource commitments required to change it. Through hour-long interviews with these presidents, from diverse backgrounds and a wide array of colleges and universities, the authors gathered lessons and insights gleaned from their successful and unsuccessful experiences in advancing a campus diversity agenda.