In the 1950s, vocational guidance was dominated by the aim of helping clients find fulfillment through work. This "vocational aim" has since been diluted by a flood of developments in vocational theory and research, counseling practices, and particularly the nature of work and the patterns of careers. The impact of these changes over a…

Discusses development of equal opportunities for ethnic minorities through careers guidance. Describes the provision of careers guidance services in Holland and Britain in relation to a model of organizational development. Discusses emotional barriers of fear and anger in a structural context. Presents the concept of "career negotiation"…

Market principles can be applied to careers guidance services through the concept of guidance as a market maker or through the concept of a market in guidance. The notion of a market in guidance can take the form of a real market or of a quasi market. A quasi market can take the form of contracts or of vouchers. These options are explored.…