An approach to translation focusing on the translator's ability to integrate his knowledge of psychology, philosophy, and sociology with linguistic skills is proposed, and its implications for the practice of translation are examined. (MSE)

Reviews the variety of language styles with which the translator deals and discusses the esthetic and practical advantages of adapting the language of a text to the sociocultural and communicative habits of a specific linguistic group. (MSE)

Translation of proper place and personal names is very difficult, especially when they occur within texts. It is often necessary to consider native pronunciation and the rules of transcription and transliteration in both languages. Examples from the literature illustrate the need for more attention to this problem. (MSE)

Discusses why translation theory has had an inadequate impact on translation practice and gives specific examples of ways in which translation theory can provide the translator with general principles and methods of translating idioms. (SED)

Discusses three categories of difficulties unique to the translation of Judaica: (1) such problems as terminology, abbreviations, transliterations, and acronyms; (2) the material requires the translator to know literature, folklore and linguistics as well as Hebrew and the target language; (3) a linguistic-stylistic dimension unique to Hebrew.…

Discusses the category of back-translating which translates back to the source language to assure both integrity of message and integrity of form. Describes translation types which illustrate increasing degrees of reconstructive translation. Suggests that the translation gains in status at the expense of the original and upsets some rules of…

Discusses a common problem encountered in text translation, i.e., words which have either a broader or narrower meaning in the target language than in the source language. Discusses the consequences of functional decisions on the translation of words and the implications of these decisions for the teaching of translation. (SED)

Looks at the latest scientific discoveries in polyglossia as they pertain to understanding the mechanisms which allow simultaneous interpretation to take place. Considers separately the input and output switch mechanisms. Discusses the importance of anticipatory strategies to facilitate language switching in simultaneous translation.

In recognition of the value of cultures with languages that are not commonly spoken, the Czech and Slovak publishing industries have a long-standing policy of making available literary works translated from dozens of languages other than "world" languages, contributing to international cultural understanding and appreciation. (MSE)

Presents the views of three artists on the translation of poetry. The questions they answer include their opinions of the difference between translation of poetry and the writing of original poems, what type of translation they prefer, and what roles they think inspiration and experience play in the translation of poetry. (SED)

The nature of simultaneous translation, often misunderstood, is a precarious balance of listening and analysis, production of discourse and memory. The work's quality would be improved by reinforcing interpretive skills, research in teaching methods, and study of precise interpretive techniques. (MSE)

Explores the concepts of multiculturalism and multilingualism in Australia against the background of population growth and change, social policies, and regional relationships. Reviews steps taken to date to give these concepts a more positive shape. (EKN)

Includes three documents arguing in favor of mandatory foreign language study in Australia's core curriculum. These statements are in response to the Curriculum Development Centre's recommendation that foreign languages "not" be mandatory. (EKN)

Examines Australian Italian and some characteristics that distinguish it from standard Italian, and discusses the problem of which to teach in the schools. (EKN)

Examines the problem of metaphor translation and concludes it must be viewed as two separate problems--the problem with metaphor and the problem with translation. (EKN)