This article explores the implications of learning in social movements on diaspora activists' engagement with struggle. Focussing on emotions within social movement learning and the connection to activists' multiple identities, the paper examines the complex terrain of learning as embodied and rooted in emotionally situated beliefs and values. The…

An ethnographic study of adult literacy classes in Egypt depicted rote recitation, copying, and dictation as forms of ritual that maintain social order. A sequence of framing, modeling, practicing, performing, and evaluating was followed. Focus was on correct performance rather than interpretation, comprehension, or critical evaluation. (SK)