Multitiered systems for supporting students' behavior in schools rely on teachers using generally effective classroom management strategies, such as Tier 1 practices. However, few tools exist to easily assess classwide Tier 1 practices. In this brief report, we describe one potential tool, the Classroom Atmosphere Rating Scale--Brief (CARS-B) and…

Disparities in school discipline across lines of race and disability status represent one of the most pressing issues in the field of education today. While there are many factors that perpetuate these disparities, teachers and their approaches to classroom management likely play a role. As evidence emerges on the relationship between race,…

The literature has identified the use of data-based, problem-solving as an essential element in the promotion of positive behavior interventions and supports (PBIS) within the classroom. The Components of a Successful Classroom (CSC) tool is an instrument which has undergone initial validation to support its use for measuring critical features of…

This study examined the self-reports of 33 Grades K-6 teachers from the Culturally Responsive Classroom Management Self-Efficacy Scale (CRCMSE) in relation to observed classroom management practices (praise, opportunities to respond, and reprimands) and classroom-level student outcomes (correct academic responses, disruptive behavior, and office…

Play and peer interactions are crucial for children's socioemotional development and growth. However, children with special needs, disabilities, and developmental delays may not participate in play with peers as much as typically developing children. Reliable and valid assessment information of children's social behavior is necessary to design…

Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) has been proposed as a promising approach to assess student behavioral progress in classroom settings. The current study examines raters and occasions as well as their interactions as sources of error in the use of DBR--Multi-Item Scales (DBR-MIS) and DBR--Single-Item Scales (DBR-SIS) for academically engaged (AE) and…

Universal screening is a promising and proactive method to detect emotional and behavioral risk in schools. To date, most of the research on screening has evaluated teacher report formats. Despite the potential benefits, there has been a general lack of research on student self-report particularly in elementary grade levels. The purpose of this…

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural validity, internal consistency, and measurement invariance of scores from the "Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener--Student Rating Scale" (mySAEBRS), a student self-report universal screening tool. Participants included 24,094 K-12 students who completed the…

Self-monitoring interventions for students with challenging behavior are often teacher-managed rather than self-managed. Teachers direct these interventions by completing parallel monitoring procedures, providing feedback, and delivering contingent reinforcement to students when they monitor accurately. However, within self-monitoring…

Many schools attempt to identify and service students at risk for poor mental health outcomes within a multi-tiered system of support (MTSS). Universal screening within a MTSS requires technically adequate tools. The Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS) has been put forth as a technically adequate screener. Researchers…

Engagement in early childhood is defined as a child's level of participation with the environment. Engagement is an important construct in assessment and intervention of social and early learning competence given its link to school achievement. Few tools exist to assess engagement of young children in early education, and there is a need for a…

Systematic direct observation (SDO) is frequently used in schools to document student response to evidence-based interventions, determine eligibility for special education services, and provide objective data during high-stakes decisions. However, there are several limitations associated with this widely used data collection tool including a…

This study examined the item and category response option functioning of items on the "Student Risk Screening Scale for Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors" (SRSS-IE), using item response theory (IRT) methods with a sample of 2,122 middle school students. The SRSS-IE is a screening instrument used to identify students who are…

This article presents the Classroom Strategies Coaching (CSC) Model, a data-driven coaching approach that uses teacher formative assessment data to drive improvements in universal practices. The classroom strategies assessment system (CSAS), a formative assessment of evidence-based instructional and behavioral management practices was used to…

Time-sampling techniques are popular among school practitioners and researchers alike when conducting observations of student behavior. Despite their popularity, the psychometric properties of such observation data have not received much attention, likely given that both procedures and targets vary widely across individual coding systems. A…